Ore-crusher.



No. 70mm. Patentd May 27, |902. a. H. AIKEN.

URE CRUSHER.

(Application filed Aug'. 19, 1901.) (No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet I.

.wt l ffy! IINIIIIIIHHHUIIIH Il MM5,

No. 70|,00L

. Patented May 27, |902. R. H. AIKEN.

ORE CRUSHER.

(Application filed Aug. 19, 1901.)

3 Sheets-Sheet 2 (N0 Model.)

IIIII Patented May 27, |902.`

No 70|,00l

R. H. AIKEN. om; cRusHER.

(Ap licaton filed Au 19, 1901. (No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

UNTTnTo STATES PATENT Omron.

ROBERT H. AIKEN, OF VINTIIROP HARBOR, ILLINOIS.

ORE-CRUSHER.

SPECIFICATION forming part Of LettelS Fateni NO. l701,001, dated May 27, 1902. Application filed August 19,1901' Serial No. 72,466. (No model.)

To all whom t may concern.-

Be it known that I, ROBERT H. AIKEN, of

W'inthrop Harbor, in the county of Lake and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Ore-Crushers; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification. This invention relates to improvements in crushing-machines of that type comprising two rotary crushin g-rolls and such as are more commonly used for reducing ores.

The'invention consists in the matters hereinafter set forth, and more particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

In the drawings, Figure l is a plan View, partially in section, of an orecrusher, showing the crushing-rolls without hopper and housing. Fig. 2 is a view of the machine in side elevation. Fig. 3 is a fragmentary inside View of one of the crushing-rolls. Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken on line 4 et of Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is an end elevation of the machine. Fig. 6 is a plan View of a crusher with the crushing-rolls in section, showing a different form of the crushing-rolls. Fig. 7 is a vertical section through the machine-frame and one of the crushingrolls, taken on line 7 7 ofV Fig. 6.

Referring to the drawings, A indicates the main frame of a form of an ore-crusher which embodies the main features of my invention. Said frame preferably consists of a single casting and may be of any suitable design to obtain the rigidity and stability required in this class of machines.

B B indicate two parallel horizontal shafts, one, B, of which is mounted immovably on the frame A, and the other, B, of which is movably supported on the frame in such manner that it may move horizontally toward and from the shaft B. On the ends of said shafts which project from one side of the frame are secured two crushing-rolls O C of concave or dished form, arranged with their concave faces inwardly or toward the frame. The shaft B is mounted in two fixed bearings D D', of which the bearing D is located at the end of the shaft adjacent to and within the concave side of the roller C, the said bearing being arranged to project from the side face of the frame, so as to bring it within the concavity of the roller. The shaft B is mounted in two bearings E E, which are movably supported on the machine-frame and one of which, E, is located outside of the side of the main frame and within the cavity 0f the roll OC Said bearings D and E, which take the principal part of the lateral thrust or pressure of the rolls in crushing, are arranged in line with or in the same vertical plane as the peripheral or working faces of the rolls.

The fixed bearings D and D' are shown as having the form of split bearings having removable caps d d to admit of the insertion and removal of the shaft, the lower parts thereof being cast integral,with and rising from the frame A. The iixed part of the bearing D is shown as projecting from the side of the frame in the form of a bracket.

As a means of movably mounting the bearings E E on the machine-frame said bearings are shown as mounted on the upper end of a rock-arm F. Said rock-arm is pivotally connected at its lower end by a pivot-pinfor other suitable means tothe base of the frame A at one end thereof. The bearing E is secured to the upper end of a laterally-projecting memberf of the rock-arm F. Said rock-arm F, whichds normally perpendicular to the main planeof the bed, is so shaped and disposed that the bearings E and E are parallel with and approximately in the same horizontal plane with the bearings D D. A bolt G is attached to the rock-arm F below the shaft B and passes transversely to the shafts B B througha guide-aperture in a lug 0.3 on the end of the frame A remote from the rock-arm F. Said lug CL3 forms a bearing-surface for a washer a4. A second washer c5 is held on the outer end of the bolt G by means of a nut g'. A plurality of spiral springs I are inserted between said washers of* and a5, being held against lateral displacement by inwardly-projecting flanges @son the margins of said Washers. Said springs tend to draw the bolt G thron gh the frame A, and thereby act to draw the upper end of the rock-arm F inwardly and to hold the rolls O and C normally in working position or so near each other that ore falling between the upper parts of their faces as they rotate toward each other is crushed as it passes between the rolls. Tofprevent undue shocks on the. rolls, buffer-plates f2 are secured to the rock-arm and the bed, so as to act as a stop against sudden lateral movements of the roll C against its companion roll C.

The bearings D and E are made larger and heavier than the bear-ings D E', and said bearings are preferably split obliquely and on planes that are downwardly and inwardly inclined, so that the xed lower parts of the said bearings rise above' the central axes of the shafts and are thereby adapted to take the lateral thrust of the said shafts and relieve the capsbolts of shearing strain when the crushing-rolls are in action. Referring now especially to the construction of the rolls, each comprises a web c, provided with an outercylindric flange c and a hub c2, by which it is rigidly secured by keys and set-screws on its shaft. The web c is preferably of concave, curved, or dished form and stiffened by a plurality of radial ribs c, extending from the hub to the inner face of said cylindric flange. Preferably the bearing is made wider than the working face of the roll. The bearing is in all cases so arranged that the pressure coming on the roll in crushing ore will fall within the width of the bearing. This result is insured by so locating the cylindric peripheral surface or working face of the roll with respect to the bearing that a line drawn from the center of the working face of the roll perpendicularly to the axis of the roll will pass through the bearing at a point midway between its ends. In other words, a transverse plane passing centrally through the face of the roll will coincide withv a transverse plane passingv centrally through the bearing. A ring or shell c5, of steel or other suitable material, is secured upon the periphery of the roll, so as to form a tread or surface which constitutes the working or wearing surface of the roll. Such ring or shell is intended to be removed and replaced when it becomes worn down tosuch an extent or becomes so thin as to be no longer useful, as has been the common practice heretofore in the use of rolls provided with similar rings or shells. Preferably the shell c5 is secu red in place by shrinking it upon or around the flange c; but it may be secured in any way heretofore employed or found desirable in practice. The rolls are shown as provided with collars a7 to prevent the entrance of dirt to the bearings. The shafts B and B are shown as provided with pulleys H and H',by which they may be driven.

The operation of the crusher is the same as that of other similar machines. The material to be crushed, such as ore-bearing rock,

` is fed between the rolls, which are driven toward each other by their independently-moving pulleys. The speeds of the rolls may be equal or different, according to the nature of the material to be crushed. As the material is drawn downwardly between the rolls it is pulverized, the spring which holds one of the rolls to its work preventing undue shock and liability of breakage of the rolls from varying sizes and hardness of the rock or other like causes. From the construction described it will be readily understood that the strain or pressure coming upon the rolls through the contact of theirfperipheral working faces or treads with the rock or ore being operated upon will be transmitted in aA direct line to the main bearing of the roll. In other words, all pressure transmitted to the roll falls directly in the line of the roll-bearing, and therefore exerts no bending moment on the shaft, which is therefore subject to no lateral strain save the pull of the belt.

As a further and separate improvement in machines of the kind describedIhave shown a construction in Figs. 6 and 7 wherein the crushing-rolls C2 C3 are like those hereinbefore described, except that they are provided on their concave faces with concentric integral cylind ric sleeves or hubs C4 C5, which extend through and are engaged by the stationary and movable bearings D and E on the frame. This construction has the important advantage that the strain coming on the rollsV in crushing is transmitted directly to the rollbearings from the integral hubs or sleeves on the rollers. By making the rolls in this manner, therefore, the necessary strength and durability may be more economically obtained, it being obvious that by extending the integral sleeves or hubs on the rolls so that they engagev the bearings, and, in fact, form parts of the shafts, a degree of strength is secured which could only be obtained by making the shafts of very large size with a corresponding increase in cost. Moreover, as the strain due to the lateral pressure in the rolls in crushing in this construction does not come at all upon the joints between the rolls and shafts liability of said joints becoming loose from such strains is largely avoided. Manifestly, as the hubs or sleeves referred to are cast on the rolls they may be made long enough to extend through the bearings and of suflicient diameter to give all the strength required at a very small additional cost.

An important feature of the invention is embraced in the construction by which the crushing-rolls are provided each with one main bearing situated in alinement with the tread of the roll or working face thereof, so that any pressure coming on the roll in the crushing operation will fall within the width of the bearing. The advantages arising from this construction as compared with the prior rolls having shafts with the bearings on both sides thereof will be understood from the following: At present in the use of rolls having bearings at both sides of its working face it becomes necessary in removing the shells for the purpose of renewal to lift the rolls out of their bearings, first taking o the heavy driving-pulleys. This is necessarily avery heavy and slowpiece of work, involvi'ngconsiderable expense and loss of time. In renewing a shell IOC IOS

IIO

IZO

upon a roll constructed in accordance with my invention it is merely necessary to cut or break oif the worn-out shell, remove Whatever housing is necessary, and slip on the new shell from the open side, the shaft and its bearings, as well as the roll itself, being undisturbed. When the worn-out shells can be replaced in this convenient and economical way, it becomes advantageous to use very thin shells, which being so easily replaced may be renewed more frequently. Such shells when made thinner and lighter will have smoother and more even working surfaces when worn down near or to the point of renewal, and it is obviously practicable to use thinner shells and renew them more frequently where the work of renewal is so slight as in my improved machine. The thinner and lighter shells have the advantage of enabling smoother and more even faces to be maintained, it being obvious that when a shell is four inches thick, as under the old practice, and has become worn down to two inches in thickness the surface is very uneven and much more uneven than one worn down only one inch from a new and even face. In other words, the construction described enables the rolls to be kept in better working condition by the continual replacement of thin shells. When the thicker shells are used, after they become worn it is either necessary to turn them down (which is difficult to accomplish when proper steel for effective work is used) or to change them, as is sometimes done', to another machine working on very coarse ores, where unevenness of face does not reduce their efficiency, and substituting new shells for fine ores. Obviously new shells are always true and will always do good work, so that by frequent renewals of the shells the machine may be maintained at a high degree of efficiency. By the employment of machines made as described I am enabled to use shells of two inches in thickness or less and to renew them so frequently that the machine is practically always equipped with new shells. An advantage arises from the use of such thin shells as are herein referred to, for the reason that they may be made from bar-steel rolled and welded. Said steel can be had on the market at the lowest price of merchants steel and can be furnished in small lots to conformto any analysis of steel desired rolled in bars suitable for the purpose. Steel bars can be had from the mills with guarantee that the thickness will not vary one-hundredth of an inch. A shell thus rolled and welded from bars will be of more uniform thickness than the most carefully forged and turned shells at present produced. Steel shells for my machine constructed as hereinbefore described can therefore be furnished with very much less price per pound than the heavier rolled shells heretofore used. The radial ribs upon the concave inner faces of the rolls have the advantage of acting in the manner of afan to draw a current of air from the bearing of the rolls toward the periphery thereof, so that any dust from dry ores is in a great measure drawn away from the roll-bearings, therebyinsuring greater life than is usual in machines of this class.

I claim as my inventionl. An lore crusher comprising crushingrolls acting against each other, whose working surfaces and bearings are in alinement with each other.

2. An ore crusher comprising crushingrolls acting against each other Whose bearings and working surfaces are in alinement with each other and which are relatively so located that transverse planes passing centrally through said working surfaces will pass centrally through said bearings.

3. An ore crusher comprising crushingrolls which act against each other, shafts to which said rolls are attached, and bearings for said shafts of which those nearest the rolls are in alinement with the working surfaces of the rolls. l i

4. An ore-crusher comprising a main frame, dished or recessed crushing-rolls, shafts to which said rolls are attached and a bearing for each of said shafts mounted on said main frame at the recessed side only of its associated roll, said bearings being located in alinement with the working faces of said rolls.

5. An ore-crushercomprisingamain frame, dished or recessed crushing-rolls, shafts to which said rolls are attached, a bearing for one of said shafts mounted on the main frame, a bearing for the other shaft movable upon said frame and means for yieldingly holding the said shafts and rolls in working relation to each other, the working faces of said rolls being in alinement with the bearings of said shafts.

6. An ore-crusher comprising dished or recessed crushing-rolls having bearings on one side thereof only which bearings are in alinement with the working faces of the rolls, and rings or shells applied to the rolls and forming the working faces thereof.

7. An ore crusher comprising crushingrolls of dished or recessed form having bearings on one side thereof located in alinement with the working surfaces of the rolls, said rolls being provided on their concave surfaces with radial iianges or ribs adapted to create air-currents in a direction from the center to the periphery of the rolls When the latter are rotated.

8. An ore-crusher comprisinga main frame, a bearing thereon which projects laterally from one side thereof, an arm pivoted to the frame and carrying a second bearing which projects laterally from one side of said arm, dished or recessed crushing-rolls mounted on said bearings, the working surfaces of which are in alinement with said bearings, and spring-actuated means acting on said pivoted arm and holding the rolls in working relation to each other. i

9. An ore crusher comprising crushing- IOO IIO

rolls which act against each other and bearl ings for said rolls arranged in aiinement with the Working faces thereof, said rolls being of, said rolls having integral hubs which eX- tend through and turn in said bearings.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as provided with integral hubs which turn in said my invention I aiix my signature, in presence bearings.

10. An ore Crusher comprising crushingroIls which act against each other, shafts to which said rolls are attached and bearings for said shafts of which those adjacent to the rolls Io are in alinement with the Working faces thereof two Witnesses, A. D. 1901.

' ROBERT H. AIKEN.

Witnesses:

F. L. SHILLINGTON, J. GRIBBLE.

this 14th day of August, x 5 

